Fundamentals of metal oxide/oxyfluoride electrodes for Li-/Na-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries provide the development of a clean and sustainable society based on renewable energy resources. To further enhance density reduce cost batteries, innovations electrode materials high-performance nickel-/cobalt-free are necessary. In this review, lithium-excess manganese-based with layered/rock salt oxides/oxyfluorides emphasized because their potential ability to be utilized as advanced low-cost lithium-ion in near future. For these emerging materials, higher is realized, compared traditional layered nickel/cobalt ions, relying anionic and/or cationic redox multi-electron reactions. Although, currently, suffers from degradation reversibility continuous cycles, significant progress theoretical understanding material design concepts has been made past several years. Recently, alternatives many disordered rock oxides, including metastable nanosized oxyfluorides, have also found new class high-capacity anionic/cationic redox. later part, trends for extended sodium-ion batteries. By reviewing fundamental recent research metal oxide/oxyfluoride electrodes, valuable guide scientists field provided accelerate industrial materials.